Edmonton fell behind Calgary? I didn’t know they were ahead, must have been before my time.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Edmonton was always the biggest metro until the 2001 census. Edmonton was typically between 25 % and 50% bigger until the 70s. Around 1970 Edmonton was 25% bigger ~500k to Calgary’s ~400k, but Calgary made gains through the 70s and trailed by around 40K just before things went bust in 1981.
Edmonton increased its lead through 80’s and was around 80K ahead by 1986.
Things all started to click for Calgary around 1988. Mulroney had scrapped the NEP in 1985 and once oil picked up around 1989, Calgary started to go.
Other things started happening for Calgary, as previously mentioned, Nortel was investing a lot of money into Calgary and other companies were moving here. Klein coming into power resulted in jobs either lost in Edmonton due to cutbacks or jobs were moving from Edmonton to Calgary due to privatization. The 90’s saw Calgary leapfrog Edmonton.
Before that as mentioned, Edmonton was the larger metro and one could argue that it was also Alberta’s alpha city. It has a lot of things going for it, the seat of government and government jobs meant a much more stable economy. It had a much larger, higher profile University and a more diverse economy.
Oil made a comeback for Calgary in the late 80’s but the city really started to change in the 90’s and hasn’t stopped. Each time there’s been a downturn in the oil industry it’s usually affected Calgary more, but each time the difference is less noticeable between the two cities. Less noticeable to the point that when oil had its recent 7 year disastrous downturn, Calgary still managed to grow more than Edmonton.
It would interesting to see someone do an in-depth look at the two cities over the past 30-40 years from say 1986 when Edmonton was 80K larger to 2023 where the Calgary area is now close to 200k larger and see if there are any main reasons or simply several small reasons.