What PinkLucy said. While the cities are more diversified, their industries are still largely resource based in addition to government and post secondary. Smaller communities are definitely resource or, to a lesser degree in some areas, agricultural based. The number of pulp mills has been devastated by changes in the market. While the forest is obviously a renewable resource and sawmills are still viable, the market is driven by the economy and things like the softwood lumber dispute. Mineral extraction is, by its very nature, boom and bust; the day a mine opens its shut-down clock starts and are heavily driven by commodity values and their stability. Some areas, like Sudbury and Red Lake have mineral bodies that allow them to operate for decades, but they still ebb and flow. There is a lot of exploration going on but even if a mine gets developed, development is most often done by contract companies who come, do their thing and leave. This can still help the local economy - I've wheeled into to some towns and been unable to get a motel room. Modern mining operations are less labour intensive than before.