[IanO]

A reminder of the last concept and plan.

City unveils latest plans for west Rossdale 'River Crossing' redevelopment

'I think there is a bit of a hunger for action here.'

edmontonjournal.com

 

[David A]

If there is a "hunger" for action here, I doubt it is from the city. It is now 5 years after the latest plan and little has happened and around 40 years after the 1980's mentioned in the article.

I feel developing the power plant could have been the impetus for something finally happening, but as is sometimes the case, the city has dithered endlessly with that. The current administration and council has no vision.

 

[JNO1]

^ but they are REALLY good at requesting (Council) and completing (Admin) studies.

 

[Munanyo]

If there is a "hunger" for action here, I doubt it is from the city. It is now 5 years after the latest plan and little has happened and around 40 years after the 1980's mentioned in the article.

I feel developing the power plant could have been the impetus for something finally happening, but as is sometimes the case, the city has dithered endlessly with that. The current administration and council has no vision.

Completely agree with this.

The city has absolutely zero appetite in trying to turn the Rossdale Power Plant into something genuinely special and unique for the city and has been dithering around for far too long on not only the Power Plant, but the entire Rossdale plan in general.

I truly don't want the city involved - create some hype and market the hell out of the potential of Rossdale to local, national and international developers who can bring to life something special and create a catalyst for development. I said this recently but I will reiterate it once more - redevelopment of the Power Plant and Rossdale in general has the greatest potential to single handedly change the perception of the city to outsiders and give us a powerful marketing/tourism tool. It's a prime location, right in the heart of the river valley, with a lot of history and meaning to indigenous peoples and Edmonton's early days.

 

[Avenuer]

If the City had the funds you bet something would happen with Rossdale.

 

[archited]

^The City should think bigger than "the City" -- a Permanent placement for a World Indigenous Peoples' Exposition that consumes all of the vacant land in Rossdale and the Historic Power Plant Building needs a push to get started. Unfortunately, it won't happen with this do-nothing Mayor and Council, but some aggressive newbie who is considering running for Mayor ought to make this the drum on which he/she begins beating. If the beat gets loud enough it will draw the attention of the Feds and Prov.s. The newbie could even pick up the phone and call the "resting" gondola people and ask them if they would like to join in on the beat and the phone number for all of the Alberta Tribe leadership people and ask them to join in on the drum circle -- this could be in the same class as a World's Fair, theme already intact.
The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) is the organization that governs and regulates world's fairs. The BIE is based in Paris and was established in 1928. The BIE's goals are to:
-- Organize exposition schedules
-- Define the rights and responsibilities of participants and host cities
-- Ensure that world's fairs are non-commercial and have cultural and educational value
The BIE organizes four types of international exhibitions: World Expos, Specialised Expos, Horticultural Expos, and The Milan Triennial.
The BIE's guidelines for world's fairs have been revised multiple times. As of the early 21st century, a large exposition, or "registered exhibition," can be held every five years, and a smaller exposition, or "recognized exhibition," can be held in between.
World's fairs are also known as expositions or expos. The term "world's fair" is commonly used in the United States, while the French term "Exposition universelle" is used in most of Europe and Asia.
Unfortunately, as of 16 October 2012, the Conservative government ended Canada's membership of the BIE when the federal government cancelled its $25,000 per year membership fee as part of "reviewing all spending across government with the aim of reducing the deficit and returning to balanced budgets" -- yes that's right Canada is NOT one of the 184 countries that are members of the BIE. It is w-a-a-a-a-y past time to fix that problem ($25,000.00 dollars -- you have got to be kidding!!!)
But all the more reason to rejoin and come in lugging a concept proposal. It is 2025 and Canadians are no longer afraid of 25k for a fee.
Quoting from the BIE website:
"Since the BIE was created in 1928 to regulate and oversee these mega-events, World Expos have explicitly been organised around a theme that attempts to improve humankind’s knowledge, takes into account human and social aspirations and highlights scientific, technological, economic and social progress. In the modern era, World Expos are unrivalled among international events in their size, scale, duration and visitor numbers. They are large-scale platforms for education and progress that serve as a bridge between governments, companies, international organisations, and citizens.
The most recent World Expo took place in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, between 1 October 2021 and 31 March 2022.
The next World Expo will take place in Osaka, Kansai, Japan between 13 April and 13 October 2025, under the theme “Designing Future Society for Our Lives”.
In 2023, BIE Member States elected Saudi Arabia as host country of World Expo 2030, which will be organised in Riyadh under the theme “The Era of Change: Together for a Foresighted Tomorrow”."
Here is the contact info for some enterprising soul and this could be the legacy-building thing that Justin Trudeau needs for his exit Swan Song... or our Premier who likes to think of Alberta as a Country unto itself could imprint those credentials by shaming Canada into participation by offering to fund the $25,000 fee and offering to backpay all of the years since 2012 -- a measly $300.000.00 (chump change on the Alberta Scale)..
34, Avenue d'Iéna, 75116, Paris, France
E: info@bie-paris.org
Τ: +33 (0) 1 45 00 38 63
F: +33 (0) 1 45 00 96 15
Edmonton 2035, I say... Edmonton 2035

 

[archited]

I am taking it upon myself today to illustrate what a World's Fair could do for Edmonton -- the Theme would be a cultural exposé that features Indigenous Peoples the world over and so that I can continually refer to the Theme I am calling it the World Indigenous Peoples' Exposition or WInPEx for short. The following represents thoughts and ideas of myself, Douglas Cardinal and Lewis Cardinal in the main with comments from others as appropriate. First up -- a review of what EXPO '67 achieved for Montreal:
Expo 67, the 1967 International and Universal Exposition, had many positive effects on Montreal, including:
International recognition
Expo 67 enhanced Montreal's and Canada's international prestige. It was a centerpiece of Canada's centennial celebrations and drew over 64 million visitors.
Infrastructure
The infrastructure created for Expo 67, including the subway system, hotels, and islands, was used to secure the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Architectural legacy
Expo 67's architectural legacy is still visible in modern-day Montreal and continues to attract visitors.
Festival culture
Expo 67 helped expand Montreal's culture of festival and major event organization.
Museology
Expo 67 contributed to placing Quebec and Canada at the forefront of the world in museology.
Collective memory
Expo 67 left a mark on the collective memory of the people of Quebec.
Habitat 67
This modular housing project developed by Moshe Safdie gained international prominence during the Expo and remains one of Montreal's most iconic structures.
And to quote from the Bureau International des Expositions:
"5 things you might not know about Expo 1967 Montreal
It was on 28 April 1967 – 55 [plus] years ago today – that Montreal invited the whole world to discover “Man and his World” at Expo 1967. The spectacular World Expo, which marked Canada’s Centennial, gathered 60 countries and registered over 50 million visits during its six-month run. Here are five interesting facts about Expo 1967 Montreal:
1. Expo 1967 was built on reclaimed land from the St. Lawrence river
Faced with a choice of several potential Expo sites, each with their own logistical challenges, Montreal’s Mayor Jean Drapeau took the bold step of creating an artificial island in the St. Lawrence River, and extending an existing one, to host the Expo. The two islands – Notre Dame Island and Sainte-Hélène Island – connected to the city centre with Montreal’s new metro network, which opened six months before the Expo. The islands today form Parc Jean Drapeau, a popular public space with numerous cultural, sports and event facilities.
2. Expo 1967 took an innovative approach to attract visitors from the United States
With the United States being Canada’s large and populous neighbour, Organisers naturally sought to attract American visitors to the Expo, and came up with some daring marketing campaigns to achieve this goal. One of these, evoking the Cold War context at the time, was a magazine advertisement showing an image of the USSR pavilion, accompanied by the headline: “Look what the Russians are building, just 40 miles from the USA”. The light-hearted campaign then encouraged Americans to discover the “fascinating” pavilion of the USSR as well as others at the Expo. With almost half of all Expo 1967’s visitors coming from across the border, the campaigns clearly worked.
3. Expo 1967’s ‘Indians of Canada Pavilion’ made a bold statement about indigenous peoples
Amid the general celebratory mood of Canada’s displays at Expo 1967 Montreal during the country’s 100th anniversary celebrations, one pavilion took visitors on a different journey, telling the story of Canada’s indigenous peoples. Named the Indians of Canada Pavilion, it was an indigenous-led exhibit that – quite remarkably for the 1960s in Canada – made an impactful statement about the treatment of indigenous peoples in Canada’s past and present.
4. Expo 1967 gave Montreal one of the world’s most unique housing projects
Habitat 67 housing project at Expo 1967 Montreal. Image courtesy of William Dutfield.
As part of the ‘Man and his World’ theme, Organisers of Expo 1967 Montreal commissioned the young Israeli-Canadian architect Moshe Safdie to develop the modular housing project that he developed as a master’s thesis. The goal of the development aimed at solving the problem of urban sprawl by offering the advantages of a private home within the confines of an apartment building. The resulting ‘Habitat 67’ project was built on Montreal’s Cité du Havre, and having gained international prominence during the Expo as a demonstration experiment, it remains one of the city’s most iconic structures, 55 years later.

5. Expo 1967 is the reason we use the term ‘Expo’
The physical and intangible legacy of Expo 1967 Montreal is considerable, with one of the most notable outcomes being the word ‘Expo’ itself. Organisers sought a recognisable name for the event that could work in both French and English, opting for ‘Expo’ as a contraction of the French word exposition. The term proved to be a hit, being adopted by Expo 1970 Osaka three years later and then by subsequent exhibitions, so that it now a household name in various languages around the world."
The City of Edmonton could create two Precincts that I have proposed -- 1. The Glenora/109thStreet/Rossdale Precinct that would be the representative area for all Indigenous Peoples of North America, South America and Africa, and 2. the Quarters/Low Level/99thStreet Precinct that would be the representative area for all Indigenous Peoples from Europe, Asia, and Australia. To refine that even further I would propose dedicating the Quarters Area for Asian Indigenous Peoples and their pavilions and the 99th Street Precinct (elevated living bridge) for Europe and Australia Indigenous Peoples; I would propose the Rossdale area, including the Historic Power Plant for Canadian Indigenous Tribes, a new High Level (living) bridge for the remainder of North America and all of Central and South American Indigenous Peoples and a restructured Glenora Golf course (in roughly half the space)enabling a large swath of land for the remainder dedicated to African Indigenous Peoples.

 

[archited]

Some examples of potential Pavilions include from the proposed Glenora/109thStreet/Rossdale Precinct:
Africa (some of the wealthiest countries included):
- South Africa -- South Africa is home to multiple indigenous groups, including the San and the Khoekhoe, which are collectively known as the Khoe-San or Khoisan:
San. The San are made up of the San Khomani, Khwe, and Xun. The San Khomani live in the Kalahari region, while the Khwe and Xun live in Platfontein and Kimberley.
Khoekhoe
The Khoekhoe are made up of the Nama, Koran, Griqua, and Cape Khoekhoe. The Nama live in the Province of the North Cape, the Koran live in the provinces of Kimberley and Free State, the Griqua live in the provinces of Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Free State, and KwaZulu-Natal, and the Cape Khoekhoe live in the Western Cape and the Eastern Cape.
While many ethnic groups in South Africa have been formally recognized, the Indigenous Khoi and San Peoples have not. However, the Traditional and Khoisan Leadership Act was enacted in 2021, which is shifting this.
- Gabon -- Gabon has at least 40 ethnic groups, each with their own language and culture. Some of the major ethnic groups in Gabon include:
Fang: One of the most significant ethnic communities in Gabon, the Fang people are found mostly in Estuaire province. They make up about 30% of the population.
Myene: A recognized language of Gabon.
Galoa: Also known as the Galwa, the Galoa people speak a Myéné language and live in Ogooué-Maritime Province in western Gabon.
Eshira: One of the largest Bantu tribes in Gabon.
Mbele: One of the largest Bantu tribes in Gabon.
Okande: One of the largest Bantu tribes in Gabon.
- There is little point going through the other countries' list of Indigenous Peoples -- suffice to say that most countries in the world have an indigenous population and some have a many and varied population of same.
- other African nations that would have the financial strength to have their own individual pavilion would include Equatorial Guinea, Egypt, Botswana, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Niger, Senegal, Rwanda, Côte d'Ivoire, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These and other countries may want to band together in a joint pavilion.
- Indigenous People of North America - There are many Indigenous groups in North America, including:
United States
The U.S. government recognizes 574 federally recognized American Indian tribes and Alaska Native entities. These groups are also known as nations, bands, pueblos, communities, and native villages. Some Pavilions then could be represented by State entities e.g. California
Canada
The Canadian Constitution recognizes three groups of Indigenous peoples: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.
Geographical regions
Ethnographers classify Indigenous peoples into ten cultural areas based on shared cultural traits. These regions include the Arctic, Subarctic, Northeastern Woodlands, Southeastern Woodlands, Great Plains, Great Basin, Northwest Plateau, Northwest Coast, California, and Southwest (Oasisamerica).
Number of groups
Before Europeans arrived in North America, there were approximately five hundred sovereign Indian nations in what is now the United States. During the Pre-Columbian era, there were thought to be over 1,000 Native American civilizations in what is now the United States.
Mexico has 68 indigenous groups, each with their own language. This makes Mexico the country in the Americas with the largest indigenous population and the most native languages spoken.
Here are some of the largest indigenous groups in Mexico:
Nahua: Descended from the Aztec people
Mixtec: Known for their embroidered blouses called huipiles
Purepecha: Known for their colorful clay sculptures
Totonac: A large group of indigenous people
Otomí: A large group of indigenous people
Rarámuri: A notable group in the North and Bajio regions
The indigenous population is concentrated in the Sierra Madre del Sur, the Yucatán Peninsula, the Sierra Madre Oriental, and the Sierra Madre Occidental. Oaxaca and Yucatán have the largest indigenous populations, with Oaxaca having the highest percentage.
Central America and the Caribbean - According to data from the ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean), there are approximately 826 different indigenous peoples in Latin America and the Caribbean, encompassing both Central America and the Caribbean regions; this includes a diverse range of cultures across the area.
Key points about indigenous groups in Central America and the Caribbean:
Number of groups: Around 826 distinct indigenous groups.
Region: This number includes indigenous peoples from both Central America and the Caribbean.
Diverse cultures: The indigenous populations across these regions represent a wide variety of cultures.
South America - There are many indigenous groups in South America, including:
Chibcha: The chiefdom of the Chibcha was in highland Ecuador
Coconuco, Pijao, Páez, Puruhá, Cana, and Palta: These chiefdoms were in the northern Andes
Jirajara, Caquetío, Palenque, and Cumanagoto: These groups were in northern Venezuela
Arawakan Taino: This group was in the Greater Antilles
Other indigenous groups in South America include:
Abibe, Aburrá, Achagua (Axagua), Agual, Amaní, Ancerma, Andaquí (Andaki), and Andoque.
South America is home to a majority of the world's uncontacted peoples, especially in northern Brazil. The Brazilian government and National Geographic estimate that there are between 77 and 84 uncontacted tribes in the region.

 

[archited]

From the Quarters/Low Level/99th Street Precinct:
Asia -- There are around 2,000 distinct indigenous groups in Asia. These groups are made up of approximately 260 million people, which is about two-thirds of the world's indigenous population.
Indigenous peoples are social and cultural groups that have ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live. They often live in remote regions, such as highlands, away from the fertile agricultural plains.
Some terms used to refer to indigenous peoples in Asia include: hill tribes, indigenous nationalities, tribal peoples, ethnic minorities, and natives.
Here are some examples of indigenous groups in Asia:
South Asia
Adivasi, Anāl people, Andamanese, Aranadan people, Asur people
Taiwan
Amis, Atayal, Paiwan, Bunun, Puyuma, Rukai, Tsou, Saisiyat, Yami, Thao, Kavalan, Truku, Sakizaya, Sediq, Hla'alua, and Kanakanavu
Southeast Asia
Aeta people, Andamanese, Ati people, Batak (Philippines), Mamanwa, Orang Asli, Semang, Batek, Jahai, Lanoh, Mani
Australia, New Zealand and Oceania -- According to available information, there are hundreds of indigenous groups in Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania, with Australia alone having hundreds of distinct Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups due to the vast diversity within these broader classifications; some estimates place the number of indigenous groups in the region at over 1,000 due to the high level of ethnic and linguistic variation across Oceania.
Key points about indigenous groups in the region:
Australia: Indigenous Australians are categorized as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, with hundreds of distinct groups each possessing their own languages and cultural traditions.
New Zealand: The primary indigenous group in New Zealand is the Maori.
Oceania: The region as a whole is incredibly diverse, with over a thousand different ethnic groups and languages across the various islands.
Europe -- According to most sources, there is only one widely recognized group of indigenous people in Europe, the Sámi people, who primarily live in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and parts of Russia; making the answer one group.
Explanation: The Sámi are considered the only indigenous population in Europe due to their long history of living in the Arctic region as reindeer herders, hunters, and fishers before the arrival of other European populations.
Key points about the Sámi:
Location: Primarily in northern Scandinavia, including Norway, Sweden, Finland, and parts of Russia.
Traditional lifestyle: Reindeer herding, hunting, fishing, and trapping.
Recognition: Considered the only recognized indigenous group in Europe.
British Isles -- According to historical records, the primary indigenous group on the British Isles are considered to be the Celtic people, which further divided into various tribes like the Britons, Picts, Gaels (Irish), and the different groups within Wales and Scotland, meaning there is essentially one major indigenous group with multiple sub-tribes across the British Isles; however, depending on how you define "group," the number can be considered much larger due to the various smaller tribes that existed within the Celtic population.
Key points to remember:
Celtic people:
This is the main indigenous group considered to have inhabited the British Isles before major outside migrations.
Subdivisions:
Within the Celtic group, there were various tribes like the Brigantes, Iceni, Silures, and more, depending on the region.
Linguistic minorities:
Today, indigenous languages like Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Irish Gaelic, and Cornish are spoken by groups considered to be descendants of these Celtic populations.

 

[David A]

It has been quite a while since Edmonton hosted a major international event - the Universiade Games are the last one I can think of.

While I would like to be proven wrong on this, our current civic, community and business leaders do not seem that ambitious.

It is too bad, both Calgary and Vancouver hosted the Olympics which raised their profile considerably. Of course before that Vancouver also hosted an Expo which really raised its profile and started its transition into a bigger and more international city.

So it is probably Edmonton's turn to do something big again, if we are up to it anymore.

 

[TAS]

It has been quite a while since Edmonton hosted a major international event - the Universiade Games are the last one I can think of.

While I would like to be proven wrong on this, our current civic, community and business leaders do not seem that ambitious.

It is too bad, both Calgary and Vancouver hosted the Olympics which raised their profile considerably. Of course before that Vancouver also hosted an Expo which really raised its profile and started its transition into a bigger and more international city.

So it is probably Edmonton's turn to do something big again, if we are up to it anymore.

Edmonton hosted 2001 World Track and Field Championships - I think that is classified as the biggest event we've ever hosted in terms of prestige and international reach (189 countries attended versus less than 80 for Universiade)? Until...

@archited this would be amazing

 

[archited]

The Case for the Development of an Indigenous Peoples’ Permanent Exposition:
When the stars align *****, Magic happens. Several elements have conjoined to create a once-ever possibility for Edmonton — the scene for a bespoke Exposition that honours the culture and mien of the First Nations peoples of the Americas and across the world. There has long been a global interest in the character of those who lived in North, Central, and South America in the aeons prior to Contact by European explorers and settlers. The empires of the Incas of Peru and Brazil, the civilizations of the Aztecs of Mexico and the Mayans of Central America, the Iroquoian nations of eastern United States and Canada and the nomadic Cree tribes of the Great Plains of North America — all are examples of civilizations that flourished in their own time over thousands of years. And, as distinct and interesting as these and other indigenous groups are, there has never been a collective effort to portray their history and culture in one consolidated location -- and Edmonton has the main necessary element -- undeveloped land; undeveloped land in Rossdale, undeveloped land in the Quarters, the need for two new bridges that could support upper deck development (one that would realign a major thoroughfare into a more sensical arrangement while at the same time freeing up an historical icon for other purposes and a second that would provide a means of connecting downtown to a High Speed Rail Hub in Old Strathcona) and, finally the repurposing of an Edmonton Sporting Institution -- the Glenora Golf Club -- into a less ostentatious use of precious central river valley land. I'll unfold these elements as we go along.
Pehonan — with no precise literal translation from native tongues, roughly denoting the “waiting place” — is an anthropologically significant land area that sits adjacent to the North Saskatchewan River in the very heart of the modern-day City of Edmonton. It is a place where, for millennia, endemic tribes came to meet, to trade goods, to celebrate peace and well-being and to thrive off the land as care-free hunter/gatherers. It is little wonder that, when the European fur-traders came, this river-side “gathering place” seemed to be a logical location for an outpost to further the trade idiom of contra-posed cultures. Edmonton is fortunate to have Pehonan although it has barely recognized its historical predominance in the realm of cultures and its significance therein. In the 1960s Edmonton City Planners of that era thought that the pristine River Valley could be reconstituted by “buying up” the settlements of Rossdale and Riverdale and removing the residential elements, favouring instead a reforested wilderness that would emulate an eden-like park setting, contiguous throughout the valley from Devon to Fort Saskatchewan. Fortunately, that notion died a merciful death. The reality of the Rossdale effort, however, lives with us today as a mostly City-owned land mass that is devoid of anything — housing or wilderness — and exists, rather as a scar of ill-intentioned programming.
“What to do with Rossdale?” has existed as an unanswered question now for over 50 years. It has been an exercise for Civic Planners, a dream for river-side Developers, and a quest for Indigenous Peoples who are trying to reconstitute Pehonan in a modern-day context. Cute little monikers have been developed to underscore the areas potential — “Touch the Water” is an example of one of them.
Edmonton, the home of the Commonwealth Games of 1978 and the seeker of Expositions of substance in the effort of the minor venue of 2017 (a failed attempt), has long sought the ability to create a magnet of recognition for the City. The most enduring, the most unique, the grandest vision is sitting right under its nose — a world-scale, world-class Indigenous Peoples' Exposition. This venue, properly promoted, would draw tourists from Europe and Asia in numbers only dreamt of, satisfying the curiosity related to enigmatic pre-European-contact civilizations.
Further to the goal of attracting the best of Indigenous Culture, Arts, Handcraft, Fashion and Culinary prowess and working with Edmonton and area Indigenous leaders, I propose a starting point that would see a semi-permanent-leading-to-permanent Exposition that, in the initial stages, would see portable “trains” configured alongside high-tech demountable Fabric Architecture to produce a unique venue displaying the wares of the Peoples of the Americas. Beyond the temporary, the "trains" would also develop as a First Phase Effort a permanent “Indigenous Consular & Trade Building” (see preliminary renderings), a “Hotel & Gallery Building” (see preliminary renderings) and a repurposed “Power Plant Building”. The Fabric Architecture, although semi-permanent, would protect and enable bespoke displays and events to exist — weather safe — under an amorphous, flowing canopy for year-round enjoyment. Large scale gatherings for Powwows, Potlatch Ceremonies, music and cultural marvels would occupy space programmed to evolve with time so that the offerings would remain constantly fresh and ever enticing.
The following delineates possibilities and underscores the huge potential to be considered. The concept would be phased and ever-expanding, growing grander and more substantive, year on year. From the bold start, permanent structures would be staged from a development perspective to engage the City, to exemplify Native Culture, and to create a dominant Americas story — a World Indigenous Peoples Exposition -- WInPEx.

The Indigenous Peoples Consular Office and Trade Centre with a
conjoined 5-Star Hotel would be developed on land that to the west is Provincial property and to the east is City-owned land.
The Consular building would be leased to Nation States to house indigenous representatives from within their boundaries — for example, Oaxaca native to Mexico; Inca native to Peru; etc. Unique to each floor there would be Consular residences, offices, meeting rooms and mini Galleries — one Nation : one floor : multiple indigenous groups representing the one Nation. The underlying essence of the project would be the delegation of particular exclusive wares of the many subject indigenous nations from within Canada in the North to Chile and Argentina in the south.
The Hotel structure would house a 3-level lobby gallery space (part of which tunnels under 105th Street for a functional continuation in the Consular building) and would manifest other 5-star functions — dining rooms with exceptional River Valley views and expressive of native culinary arts; cocktail bars highlighting concoctions endemic to unique regions within the Americas; and event space suitable for indigenous fashion shows and cultural handcraft.
In an effort to substantiate the concept, Nation States have already been contacted and the overall concept has received a warm reception. The key to the success of this piece of the overall concept remains the general adoption by Government bodies of the total Exposition “Big Idea” — Civic, Provincial, and Federal.