Are cyclists and pedestrians at greater risk if they don't follow the rules?
To answer this more accurately, let's use the word "protocol" rather than "rules" and the answer would be a resounding 'Yes!'. THAT is the reason Amsterdam works, as you witnessed. Perhaps they didn't follow the written rules, but when you dance together, it's not rules, but the understanding of how it works that makes it flow. Amsterdam I haven't seen, but all the videos I've watched clearly shows almost all the cyclists doing the same dance. And they flow. The infrastructure is necessary for it to choreograph so well.
As a pedestrian, I would argue I'm at greater risk blindly stepping out at a lighted intersection on the "walk signal" than cautiously crossing mid-block.
Yup, and we all see it all the time, zombies oblivious to what's going on around them. Cyclists, pedestrians and drivers alike. What boggles me is how second-nature it should be to just glance over your shoulder or down the street before making a move, but alas. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make them walk on it.
I personally feel that the curb-side lane configuration is dangerous because of turning sight lines. I much prefer the lane side configuration for safety both as a driver and cyclist. I say this as someone with 24 years of complete accident free driving and 18 years of on street cycling experience in Toronto including 10 years where that was my primary transportation mode. I have also cycled in urban environments in at least 10 countries.
*VERY* dangerous, a point I've been making along with many others about the Bloor lanes since they were opened. But most cyclists appear oblivious to the risks, let alone the responsibilities they have to themselves and others. They put on the helmet, and 'nothing can happen'. "I'm ringing my bell, that means everything is safe". The only way to make Bloor cycling lanes *safer* (they will never be fully safe) is to put a *physically separated bi-directional lane* one side, parking the other.
It is actually safer for cyclists to permit vehicles to get into the bike lane before turning right. The truck legally is suppose to pull to the right and signal. The cyclist either has to stop or alternatively go to the left of the truck (if there is no other traffic).
*ALL* vehicles are required to, including other cyclists not using the lane. It's on offence under the HTA to not 'attain a lane before turning from it'. Incredibly few motorists seem aware of this, let alone cyclists. I've seen cops do it wrong many times too.
Your idea of concrete barriers would only cause more T-bones. The cars would be going across the bike lane which is even more dangerous.
The turn radius has to be a minimum to accommodate the arc needed as per length of pivot point to the rear wheels. The Bloor lanes are a disaster in so many ways.
Side guards are a great idea. They have saved countless lives on the highways and any transport truck should have them.
And they pay for themselves quickly with increased fuel mileage due to less vortex induced drag, as well as improve handling, especially in side winds.