^If it can fit in a highway trailer, someone will eventually figure out a container technology that can make use of steel wheels and articulation to carry it out, and plenty of reason why that can be cheaper.
The thing that railways hate is switching. Outside of (costly) hump yards, that means pulling levers to uncouple (and align/open couplers for coupling), and people climbing between cars to join brake hoses, and lots of back and forthing with accompanying jolts to the cargo. And people walking over uneven terrain, often slipping and injuring themselves. And having to lock/unlock gates, derails, throw switches, walk back to the head end, etc etc, It all has a labour cost and an equipment cost, because equipment standing still is a cost not a revenue item.
Containerization fixes a lot (but not all) of that, because the gantry cranes efficiently shuffle objects laterally and move themselves lengthwise without breaking up the train. Plenty of AI on those already and room for much more. But that works best in an elaborate hub facility, which is expensive - so there are only a small number of these with drayage assumed for the first/last 100 miles. And, the preference is for containers to have only one on load at origin and one offload at destination. Railways hate shuffling containers almost as much as switching railcars.
Every small town can't have a gantry tower, but I can see team tracks in remote locations having something that can pick five or ten containers off a peddler train without breaking it apart. Ten off in Shelburne, ten more in Dundalk, a couple in Markdale....no switching and probably a faster stop than traditional setoff/lift railroading.
Finding an interchange technology that lets railways load in the hinterland, consolidate at origin hubs, distribute at destination hub, and then continue to delivery closer to the recipient is the challenge.
As
@smallspy notes, the economics of the containers and railcars themselves is its own topic, and is its own set of opportunities and constraints.
I get whiplash switching from threads here that claim everything will be disrupted within a few years and other threads where people say railroading is what it is and always will be. I suspect both are true, but I do think the pace of change will accelerate. So what may be farfetched today may be closer than we think. Road congestion and impact of AI/AV/EV technology are going to be big drivers.
- Paul