He won't last. Trump's first term saw five SecDef (Mattis, Shanahan, Esper, Spencer and Miller), six if you include Esper returning for a second try until he was tossed again for Miller. Hegseth, and many of this January's appointees will be gone before summer 2025. Chaos is the name of the game, and any Yes-men who seemingly cannot deliver on the impossible or Yes-women who aren't sufficiently flirty will quickly be replaced by the next sycophant in line.
I get the temptation to project Trump 1.0 on to this. I do it too. We should resist. Trump 2.0 is fundamentally different. He has a mandate (that he perceives to be strong) and the government trifecta. He will get the personnel he wants. And they will get to do what they want.
One of the policies they are pursuing, for example, is reclassifying a whole lot of civil service jobs and all general officers as political appointees. This is a major change. Whatever your thoughts about the US Government and military, it is still among the most meritocratic insitutions in the US. It is practically impossible to advance as field grade officers (Maj, Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel) without at least one graduate degree. And most have more than one. Virtually all of their generals have two graduate degrees and quite a few have PhDs. And quite a few of them from Ivy League schools too. When I was on exchange in the US at NPS doing my engineering degree, my US Navy friends who were mechanical engineers had exactly two options for their graduate studies: NPS or MIT. That should give you an understanding of how much they value education and the quality of their officer class and senior public service. Prioritizing political views will, of course, be quite the shit show.
But there's two separate classes of impact. Long term the impact will be massive if the culture that I described above changes. The reason that the US Government can lead research so well and their military is so good at adapting technology quickly is that education. Unlike our military where fewer officers have graduate education and even fewer of them have STEM graduate education, it's not uncommon in the US to find a public service executive or a general with a STEM PhD. They can quickly understand what new tech means and comprehend how to deploy it quickly. This culture going away will have an impact. The short term impact is very different. The SecDef is routinely providing options to the President for various international events. Somebody that lacks discipline, cultural awareness and sensitivity is simply going to offer up worse advice and options. But this time around, there won't be adults to stop them. And they won't admit mistakes. So I think these guys will last longer in their jobs and simply stumble from one crisis to the next, getting progressively worse because they are also shedding all that educated talent along the way.
Musk will also get tossed this winter.
Calling it now. He quits before he gets fired. And then his co-chair Ramaswamy will wear a lot of the unpopular stuff.
Look at the US federal budget. There is no way to cut $2T (while leaving defence spending intact) without seriously cutting social security and medicaid. If they even come close (and many Republicans before them have tried), it will be unpopular. One thing they might get away with is legislating cuts for future generations. The same way Harper proposed raising the OAS age to 67, a decade after he was out of office. But if they want to keep the Trump tax cuts, there's no real way other than chopping social programs. Even all the departments they want to cut, like the Department of Education, or getting rid of the Environmental Protection Agency, will only save them a few hundred billion.