My takeaway from these recent articles on the shortage of rental accommodation is that it seems to be primarily about 'affordable rent'. Most of the newly built high rises in the Beltline for example, still have plenty of units to rent but they probably don't fall into the 'affordable' category.
Building new supply doesn't bring supply of low-cost units relative to old units, except under very unique scenarios. New construction will always be more expensive and the rents will be higher as a result.
Where Calgary screwed up is it under-built apartments and had fairly anti-apartment (and pro-SFH) development patterns and policy from 1930s - 1990s. This led to a lack of supply of those old, depreciated units that would be much cheaper than brand-new ones, even if they periodically undergo renovations. Having fewer older developments also means it's easier for the Boardwalks and the Main Streets to accumulate enough of the market position they can control the lower end of the market. Continued population growth, limited overall apartment supply, and an increasingly powerful cartel of landlords create the conditions for increasing low-end rent.
What brand new units do is give supply to people that are able/willing to pay more. These people then don't compete for lower-quality units as much against those people that can't pay more - it's why most evidence suggests that building new units in lower income areas don't, on their own, raise rents in the areas around them. Over time, new buildings become old and age/maintain/deteriorate into different qualities, which in the long-run creates supply of all types of prices and qualities.
Of course, this is all only relevant to the market component of housing - easy to forget 10 - 30% of the population will never achieve an income that allows participation in market-based housing supply at all, even in the cheapest rental apartment. As Calgary trends towards the large-city Canadian average, expect to see our non-market requiring population increase faster than other segments.
But a further question - why did we screw up with so little apartment supply historically?
It's a few factors as
@Calgcouver highlighted and in the article they posted, but a few of the big ones for me are based on bad assumptions:
- For many decades, we under-estimate how much growth is actually coming in relation to existing supply. I don't think Calgary (or any Canadian city) really has the local dialogue that reflects the magnitude of what's going and realities of housing. It'll fluctuate, but Calgary needs 8,000 - 10,000 units to support growth every year, for the foreseeable future (meaning for decades and decades). The scale is the issue - imagine tearing down 4,000 SFH per year to replace with 2 units skinny infills? And that's 1 year; you need to do that every year! That's 80 * 100 unit apartments blocks every year, forever; 8,000 SFH, every year, forever. Reality will be a mix of all those unit types - but it's the scale of change where collectively we underestimate just how much housing is needed each and every year.
- Assumption that ownership and SFH lifestyles are the defacto "choice that everyone wants, always" - forgetting that this has never been particularly true in Canadian history, nor could be because "what everyone wants" and "what it is possible for people to afford" are two different circles that don't overlap much in a venn diagram.
These two categories of bad assumption result in incoherent policies at all levels of government - essentially we made it difficult to redevelop low-density, SFH areas at higher densities because these assumptions told us that people only want low-density SFH areas and should have them (so we should protect them and not change these areas) and demand really isn't high enough anyways (there's not actually a problem, so why bother). The result is a inefficient distribution of housing types in much of the city - limited supply of the type, age and quality of housing that would work at a cheaper price point.
Meanwhile, we made it super important give ownership to everyone - which at large, is a very good thing to create and distribute wealth - but failed to acknowledge it's not possible/desirable to achieve ownership for everyone and our interventions to boost ownership have deminishing returns once high levels of ownership are already achieved. Canada has one of the highest % of ownership in the world, but have been capped at about 60-65% ownership for 2 decades, despite absolutely massive attempts everywhere in policy to make it more affordable to more people.