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York transit a role model
Expert helps developing cities Buses key to managing growth
Aug. 8, 2006. 06:40 AM
KEVIN MCGRAN
TRANSPORTATION REPORTER
Sam Zimmerman brought his lifetime of American transit experience to York Region to help build Viva. Now he's taking his Viva experience to help the world.
Zimmerman left Viva — York Region's express-bus network that debuted last September — a year ago to join the World Bank. His job is to help bring public transit to cities in developing countries where population growth and a lack of funds outstrip any ability to keep pace with building new infrastructure.
So far, he's visited 13 cities, mostly in China, India and other parts of southeast Asia where economies are booming, the middle class is emerging, but the necessities of infrastructure — like sidewalks and traffic lights — don't exist.
"You have growth that is unimaginable," says Zimmerman, who was in Toronto last week to speak to a Bus Rapid Transit conference about the troubles facing developing nations. "It is York Region squared. We're not talking about 1,000 people moving to the cities every day, it's probably 3,000 or 4,000. We're talking about 1,000 cars a day. It's staggering."
Cars, bikes, motorcycles, pedestrians, buses, trucks, and animal-pulled carts all share the same road space. For pedestrians who want to get on the bus, it can be a harrowing experience. The bus can't get over to the right lane because of congestion, so the would-be transit riders have to cross lanes-upon-lanes of traffic to get to the bus.
"Places are racing along with motorization and not realizing if you don't have sidewalks, you're going to kill a lot of people," says Zimmerman. "Pedestrian crossings, that's the thing that I'm most bothered by because of the safety issue."
In New Delhi, he knows a woman who has to get into her car to cross the road from her home to a store because it is not safe to walk. She takes two rights, and a left, waits at a traffic signal, then two more lefts and a right. She's travelled 20 minutes to go 100 metres.
He experienced it himself in Hanoi. "The intersections are out of control," says Zimmerman. "I asked a colleague: `How do you walk across the street?' He said it's easy. `You just step out and you'll see the motorcycles will go around you.'"
Zimmerman came from Washington five years ago as an adviser to help York Region get its Viva express bus service up and running. He said he loved his time in Canada, but when Viva got on the road last September, it was time to move on.
Zimmerman was inspired to take the job with the World Bank because he believes public transit is an absolute necessity. There's often no other way poor people can get to jobs that are often too far to walk to in developing nations.
"If you want to make a city work and you want to keep it sustainable, you have to have public transportation," says Zimmerman. "Not only for the obvious things like the environment. But one of the most important things in life is to have a job. If you can't get there, you don't have a job."
The World Bank can help by forcing transit on the city agenda. For example, it will loan communities money for new roads, but it requires that new sidewalks be built or that buses get their own lanes away from cars and motorcycles.
Some cities, like Mexico City, Lima, Peru, and Beijing, have jumped on the bus rapid transit notion.
But India has been a particular challenge, Zimmerman said. "They're running around the country promoting rail in cities that don't have sidewalks."
India's problem is a huge, institutional bureaucracy. They couldn't figure out how to go from virtually no bus service to rapid bus service in very little time. That's where Zimmerman's York Region experience helped.
He said the request for proposals that York Region tendered in 2001 — with a vision of having express bus service across the region in place by 2005 — is now the standard in India for quick public transit start-ups.
There are, however, few traffic planners in developing countries because wider use of cars is a new phenomenon.
But there are success stories. Hanoi, for example, had no bus system in 2001. "The only public transit were taxis and motorcycle taxis. You can imagine the accident rate. It's now up to 700 buses, 700,000 daily riders."
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YouTube videos of crazy Third World traffic...
Hanoi
Iraq
India